Midwifes and Social Change in France

Abstract

Modern midwifery emerged in France during the 15th century. This profession has witnessed numerous changes in its responsibilities, legal status and social representations. All of these transformations occurred in parallel to social changes and major shifts in French reproductive healthcare. This study examines midwifery over the past few centuries in order to provide a better understanding of parental behaviour and the social characteristics of birth. The approach employed in this article combines a historical perspective with a sociological analysis. This socio-historical study reveals not only how midwives have helped women assert their individual rights as mothers but also how parents have supported the demands of midwives for the improved social and legal recognition of their profession. The combined action of mid-wives and parents are changing the French reproductive health system, both by transforming birth procedures within hospitals and by asserting the right to give birth outside of hospitals. This study echoes other research in Western countries by pointing out that women increasingly want to take an active part in control over delivery, with their relationship to the midwives playing a crucial role in their quest for authenticity.